Ⅰ linux下怎樣進行攝像頭編程
在linux下所有設備都是文件。所以對攝像頭的操作其實就是對文件的操作。USB攝像頭的設備文件就是在/dev目錄下的video0(假如只有一個攝像頭)。在linux下操作攝像頭就是使用v4l2對攝像頭進行的操作，操作步驟如下
打開設備文件。
int fd=open(」/dev/video0″,O_RDWR);
2. 取得設備的capability，看看設備具有什麼功能，比如是否具有輸入,或者音頻輸入輸出等。VIDIOC_QUERYCAP,struct v4l2_capability
v4l2_std_id std;
do {
ret= ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYSTD, std);
} while (ret == -1 errno == EAGAIN);
switch (std) {
case V4L2_STD_NTSC:
//……
case V4L2_STD_PAL:
//……
}
3. 選擇輸入，一個設備可以有多個輸入。VIDIOC_S_INPUT,struct v4l2_input(可不要)
4. 設置的制式和幀格式，制式包括PAL，NTSC，幀的格式個包括寬度和高度等。
VIDIOC_S_STD,VIDIOC_S_FMT,struct v4l2_std_id,struct v4l2_format
struct v4l2_format fmt;
memset ( fmt, 0, sizeof(fmt) );
fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
fmt.fmt.pix.width = 320;
fmt.fmt.pix.height = 240;
fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG;
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, fmt) < 0）
{
printf("set format failed ");
//return 0;
}
5. 向驅動申請幀緩沖，一般不超過5個。struct v4l2_requestbuffers
struct v4l2_requestbuffers req;
memset(req, 0, sizeof (req));
req.count = 4;
req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
if (ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_REQBUFS,req) == -1)
{
perror("VIDIOC_REQBUFS error ");
//return -1;
}
6.申請物理內存
將申請到的幀緩沖映射到用戶空間，這樣就可以直接操作採集到的幀了，而不必去復制。將申請到的幀緩沖全部入隊列，以便存放採集到的數據.VIDIOC_QBUF,struct v4l2_buffer
VideoBuffer* buffers = calloc( req.count, sizeof(VideoBuffer) );
printf("sizeof(VideoBuffer) is %d ",sizeof(VideoBuffer));
struct v4l2_buffer buf;
for (numBufs = 0; numBufs < req.count; numBufs++)
{
memset( buf, 0, sizeof(buf) );
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = numBufs;
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, buf) < 0)
{
printf("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF error ");
//return -1;
}
printf("buf len is %d ",sizeof(buf));
//內存映射
buffers[numBufs].length = buf.length;
buffers[numBufs].offset = (size_t) buf.m.offset;
buffers[numBufs].start = mmap (NULL, buf.length,PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset);
printf("buffers.length = %d,buffers.offset = %d ,buffers.start[0] = %d ",buffers[numBufs].length,buffers[numBufs].offset,buffers[numBufs].start[0]);
printf("buf2 len is %d ",sizeof(buffers[numBufs].start));
if (buffers[numBufs].start == MAP_FAILED)
{
perror("buffers error ");
//return -1;
}
if (ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, buf) < 0)
{
printf("VIDIOC_QBUF error ");
//return -1;
}
}
7. 開始的採集。
enum v4l2_buf_type type;
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, type) < 0)
{
printf("VIDIOC_STREAMON error ");
// return -1;
}
8. 出隊列以取得已採集數據的幀緩沖，取得原始採集數據。VIDIOC_DQBUF, 將緩沖重新入隊列尾,這樣可以循環採集。VIDIOC_QBUF
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, buf) < 0)
{
perror("VIDIOC_DQBUF failed. ");
//return -1;
}
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
unsigned char *ptcur = buffers[numBufs].start;
DEBUG("buf.bytesused = %d ",buf.bytesused);
int i1;
for(i1=0; i1<buf.bytesused; i1++)
{
if((buffers[numBufs].start[i1] == 0xFF) (buffers[numBufs].start[i1+1] == 0xC4))
{
DEBUG("huffman table finded! buf.bytesused = %d FFC4 = %d ",buf.bytesused,i1);
break;
}
}
if(i1 == buf.bytesused)printf("huffman table don't exist! ");
int i;
for(i=0; i<buf.bytesused; i++)
{
if((buffers[numBufs].start[i] == 0xFF) (buffers[numBufs].start[i+1] == 0xD8)) break;
ptcur++;
}
DEBUG("i=%d,FF=%02x,D8=%02x ",i,buffers[numBufs].start[i],buffers[numBufs].start[i+1]);
int imagesize =buf.bytesused - i;
DEBUG("buf.bytesused = %d ",buf.bytesused);
DEBUG ("imagesize = %d ",imagesize);
9. 停止的採集。VIDIOC_STREAMOFF
10. 關閉設備。close(fd);